Homes
A routine visit maintains a house. A deep clean reaches the surfaces a routine visit skips — baseboards and trim, floors, window sills and troughs, grout, cabinet interiors, inside appliances. In a county where most of the housing stock is older than the 1978 paint ban, three of those — floors, interior window sills and window troughs — are the surfaces the federal lead-dust rules name. This page sets out what a deep clean covers, what those rules actually say, and where a cleaning company has to stop.
Written for Bergen County homeowners and tenants booking a one-time deep clean, or the first visit on a recurring plan. Half of it is the scope, in plain terms. The other half is the regulation that happens to govern three of the surfaces on that scope, because in a county this old it is worth knowing what the rules say before somebody quotes them at you incorrectly.
Where a source is superseded, contradicts itself, or is still being printed by the State after it stopped being true, this page says so at the point it matters. Every figure carries a citation listed under Sources, and every housing number comes from a named table with a query you can rerun. That is the whole basis on which this page asks to be believed.
Scope
A recurring visit maintains a house that is already reset. A deep clean does the reset: it reaches the surfaces a maintenance visit is not scheduled to touch. That is a difference in the list, not in how hard anybody works. Any company describing a deep clean purely as “more thorough” has not written you a scope — and the scope is the only part of this you can hold them to.
Inside the oven and inside the refrigerator, cabinet and drawer interiors, the range hood and its filter, the tops of cabinets and the gap above them, backsplash grout, and degreasing of the surfaces around the cooking line where an aerosol film builds up over months and stops responding to a general-purpose spray.
Grout lines rather than tile faces, shower door tracks and their channels, exhaust fan covers, the hinges and undersides of fixtures, and behind and beneath the toilet and vanity. These are the places that make a bathroom read as clean or not clean from the doorway, and a maintenance visit is not scheduled to reach them.
Baseboards, door frames and casings, switch plates and outlet covers, light fixtures and their glass, closet interiors and shelving, the tops of doors, radiator and vent covers — and window sills and window tracks, which matter here for a reason the next section sets out.
This page found no standards body, study or agency that sets a residential deep-cleaning interval. So rather than repeating a number nobody can source, tie it to something observable: the first visit on a new recurring plan, a tenant turnover, the end of a renovation, or a house that has not had a full reset in about a year. Those are triggers you can check.
The stock
Two independent sources, printed side by side rather than blended into one comforting number. The percentage is the share of housing units built before 1980, from the Census Bureau’s 2020–2024 American Community Survey, table B25034. The note beneath each is the share of residential one-to-four-family parcels built before 1978, computed from New Jersey’s MOD-IV tax roll. Bergen County as a whole is 73.8% ±0.6; New Jersey is 62.8%.
For these eight the margin of error is wide enough that a single figure would be misleading, so the interval is printed instead. Saddle River is omitted entirely: its margin is ±11.1, which is not a number worth publishing.
Five things this table is not. The federal line is 1978 and the Census offers only decade brackets, so the percentage column is labelled before 1980 and that gap cannot be closed with this source. The two columns count different things — the Census counts all housing units including apartments, the tax roll counts one-to-four-family parcels — so the distance between them tracks a town’s share of larger buildings, which is why Englewood reads 66.2 and 78.9. A five-year estimate describes a period, not a day: over 2020–2024, an estimated 89.2% of Ridgewood’s housing units were built before 1980. Neither source observes paint or renovation — the Census says year built “refers to when the building was first constructed, not when it was remodeled, added to, or converted,” so a gut-renovated 1954 house is still coded 1954. And Ridgewood is sixth of seventy, not first: Ridgefield Park 92.8, Hasbrouck Heights 91.0, Oradell 90.4 and Dumont 89.6 sit above it, and North Arlington ties it at 89.2 to one decimal place. The two towns most often named as targets for this kind of work sit at the other end — Mahwah 69th of 70, Franklin Lakes 64th.
The rule
Since 12 January 2026, 40 CFR 745.65(b) defines a dust-lead hazard as “any reportable level of lead” in a dust sample from a floor or an interior window sill, collected by wipe and analysed at a laboratory recognised under EPA's National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program. There is no threshold left to be under. New Jersey's own N.J.A.C. 5:17-3.5(b) still prints the superseded 10 and 100 micrograms per square foot.
The hazard question is answered by 745.65(b): any reportable level. The separate question of whether an abatement job is finished is answered by the action levels at 40 CFR 745.227(e)(8)(viii) — 5 micrograms per square foot on floors, 40 on interior window sills, 100 on window troughs. Both took effect 12 January 2026. EPA also renamed these from “clearance levels” to “action levels” effective 13 January 2025 at 745.61(d), which is why sources a year apart use different words for the same figures.
The hazard definition reaches floors and interior window sills. The action levels add window troughs. A deep clean touches all three, and only two of them carry a hazard definition at all. That asymmetry is worth knowing before anybody quotes you a number about a trough.
40 CFR 745.61(c), quoted whole: “Nothing in this subpart requires the owner and/or occupant to evaluate the property(ies) for the presence of lead-based paint hazards or take any action to control these conditions if one or more of them are identified.” That single sentence answers any claim that a homeowner must test for lead or remove it. It does not require a homeowner to test, and it does not require one to remediate.
EPA published the weighted geometric means from post-1977 housing in the American Healthy Homes Survey II: 0.2 micrograms per square foot on floors and 0.8 on interior window sills, at 89 FR 89434. Set that against the 5 microgram action level and the old 10 microgram standard and the span is roughly fiftyfold.
From EPA's own analysis of the Lead Hazard Control Clearance Study, at 89 FR 89436: “72% of samples from 2010 to 2012 showed dust-lead levels at or below 5 µg/ft² for floors.” That is EPA's number and it is published here as EPA wrote it. The arithmetic on the remaining share is left to the reader, because the study's own framing does not support turning it into a claim about your house.
Text of 40 CFR 745.65 as it appeared in the eCFR at the title 40 issue date of 31 August 2026. Worth knowing that this rule has had a messy administrative history: three subparagraphs were inadvertently deleted on 13 January 2025 and not restored until 9 July 2025, at 90 FR 30211. Anyone quoting the section from a copy taken in that window was quoting something incomplete, which is why the eCFR issue date is printed here beside the date the text was read, rather than assumed.
Method
HUD's Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing, second edition, 2012, Chapter 14, is explicit that a standard household detergent should be used rather than TSP, and that no published study shows lead-specific cleaners outperforming all-purpose cleaners. EPA's own recommendation in the 2024 rulemaking matches it — “a damp cloth or sponge and a general all-purpose cleaner,” at 89 FR 89445. Anyone citing “the HUD Guidelines” at you should be able to say which edition.
HUD says both of these in sequence: “These Guidelines recommend that a high-quality HEPA vacuum be used if possible; however, a high-quality household or commercial vacuum should be used if a HEPA vacuum is not available.” And then: “The California study … found that a HEPA vacuum was actually less effective in removing dust-lead from vinyl floors than non-HEPA vacuums, probably because the suction tool was not well designed for the job.” Separately, 40 CFR 745.83 defines a HEPA vacuum strictly — 0.3 micron particles at 99.97 percent, with no air leaking past the filter — and a machine sold as “HEPA-type” is not necessarily one that meets it.
Rich and colleagues ran a cleaning-techniques trial in New Jersey homes, published in Environmental Health Perspectives 110(9):889–893 in 2002. On hard floors the non-HEPA vacuum did better by 19 percent, with a confidence interval of 3 to 38 percent. On window sills the HEPA vacuum did better by 22 percent, interval 11 to 32 percent. The authors concluded neither vacuum nor detergent produced consistent results across surface types. The sill result is the interval most clearly excluding zero and it favours HEPA, so citing the floor result alone leaves out the stronger of the two findings.
HUD's own language: research indicates that the pressure applied and the thoroughness of the cleaning may be more important than the choice of cleaning agent. That is the strongest sentence available to anyone selling a deep clean, and it comes from a federal agency rather than from a chemical supplier. It is also why a scope that names surfaces is worth more than a scope that names products.
EPA's work practice standard at 40 CFR 745.85(a)(5)(ii)(C) names the two-bucket method. HUD's 2012 edition recommends three — wash solution, squeezer, rinse — or a wet-wipe-and-discard approach. There is no single federal answer, and both agree on the underlying principle, which is that a dirty mop head never goes back into clean solution. EPA also writes its wall sequence down: work from the ceiling down, using a HEPA vacuum or a damp cloth.
The boundary
Everything above describes cleaning. The moment a job stops being cleaning and becomes remediation of an identified hazard, it belongs to a different kind of company with a different licence, and no amount of enthusiasm on our side changes that.
One question we could not answer, stated as such. We went looking for a rule on abrasive cleaning of intact pre-1978 paint and found none. EPA’s test is whether an activity creates dust or paint chips; EPA also states there is “no definitive list of activities that disturb painted surfaces,” and its list of affected trades — renovation, remodeling, repair, maintenance, plumbing, electrical, carpentry, window installation, painting, weatherization — does not include cleaning. EPA’s own compendium notes that its answers “do not necessarily bind EPA or outside parties.” So this company’s rule will be a judgement rather than a citation: where the coating itself starts to come up, the work will be treated as renovation and will stop. The certification line is firmer. 42 U.S.C. 4851b(13) lists “specialized cleaning” first among interim controls, and once a hazard has been identified, controlling it is work reserved to a firm certified by the Department of Community Affairs under N.J.A.C. 5:17 and to workers certified by the Department of Health under N.J.A.C. 8:62. We are neither, and we do not offer that work.
New Jersey
P.L. 2024 c.74 § 1.a. defines the term: “‘Visual assessment’ means a visual examination for deteriorated paint or visible surface dust, debris, or residue.” N.J.A.C. 5:28A-2.3(a)1 adds the procedure, with friction and impact surfaces given particular attention. Three of the four things named there — dust, debris, residue — are removed by cleaning. The fourth, deteriorated paint, is not, and no amount of cleaning changes it. Both halves of that belong in the same sentence whenever anyone sells you this.
N.J.A.C. 5:28A-2.3 keys it to childhood blood-lead screening: a municipality where fewer than three percent of tested children aged six or under are at or above 5 micrograms per decilitre gets visual assessment; three percent or more gets dust wipe sampling. That is why the list moves between editions — it tracks screening results rather than anyone's discretion, and a town can move from one column to the other without a rule changing.
The statute defines turnover as the point when all existing occupants vacate and all new tenants move in. The regulation at N.J.A.C. 5:28A-1.2 is drawn more broadly — it also reaches “the time at which a new tenant enters a vacant dwelling unit.” Those two are not the same test, and the regulation is the wider of the pair. If you are turning a rental, this is the moment the obligation attaches, and it is why our move-out page and this one are connected by more than a service list.
Five statutory exemptions sit at § 1.c.(1) through (5): a dwelling certified lead-free; one built in 1978 or later; a multiple dwelling registered with the Department of Community Affairs for at least ten years with no outstanding lead-based paint violations from its two most recent cyclical inspections; a single or two-family seasonal rental of under six months without consecutive renewals; and a unit holding a valid lead-safe certification. Worth noting a divergence the State has not tidied: N.J.A.C. 5:28A-1.3(b)4 still says “paint violations” from “the most recent cyclical inspection,” singular — looser than the statute it implements.
Read the State’s own consumer material with care, because copying it produces the wrong answer. N.J.A.C. 5:28A is current only through the New Jersey Register of 1 May 2023 and still prints two years at 5:28A-2.4(a)1. The Department of Community Affairs’ landlord guide, revised 7 September 2022, says “valid for two years” eight times and works an example to an expiry date that is now wrong. Elsewhere, N.J.A.C. 5:17-3.5(b) still defines hazards at the superseded federal figures, and 5:17-9.1 prints two mutually inconsistent clearance tables inside one section. EPA’s deadline for authorised state programmes to demonstrate they are at least as protective as the new federal rule is 11 January 2027. The multiple-dwelling definition of a common area is on our common area cleaning page.
Questions
Surfaces, not effort. A recurring visit maintains a house that has already been reset — floors, bathrooms, kitchen surfaces, dusting, the things that need doing weekly or fortnightly. A deep clean does the reset itself: inside the oven and refrigerator, cabinet interiors, grout rather than tile faces, shower door tracks, baseboards and door frames, switch plates, light fixtures, closet interiors, and window sills and tracks. If a company cannot hand you that list in writing, they have sold you an adjective rather than a scope.
No authoritative answer was found for this page, and it will not invent one: no standards body, study or agency sets a residential deep-cleaning interval. Useful triggers instead: the first visit on a new recurring plan, a tenant turnover, the end of a renovation, or a house that has not had a full reset in roughly a year. Those you can actually check against your own house.
A deep clean will be quoted after a walkthrough rather than listed, because the number turns on square footage, the condition the house is in, and which surfaces are actually involved — a kitchen that has not had its cabinet interiors done in five years is a different job from one that has. A quote from this company will show New Jersey sales tax as its own line; the rate, and the reading it rests on, are on our credentials page. The attributed industry ranges, and what moves a number within them, are set out on our house cleaning cost page.
We are not a lead abatement contractor, we do not test, and we will not tell you a clean made a house lead-safe. What this company will do is the cleaning EPA recommends at 89 FR 89445 — a damp cloth or sponge with a general all-purpose cleaner — worked ceiling-down, on the same surfaces the federal rules name. Whether a dust-lead hazard exists in your house is a question only a certified risk assessor and a laboratory recognised under EPA's accreditation programme can answer, and cleaning is not an answer to it.
Partly, and it is worth being exact about which part. New Jersey's visual assessment looks for deteriorated paint or visible surface dust, debris, or residue. Cleaning addresses three of those four. It does nothing at all about deteriorated paint, which is a repair question rather than a cleaning question. And only a certified lead evaluation contractor or the municipality's permanent local agency issues the certificate — cleaning is never certification, and any company implying otherwise is selling you something it cannot deliver.
The phone is answered at any hour, seven days a week — it rings in Bergen County on a 201 number, not at an answering service in another state. Scheduling follows the same rule: nights, early mornings, weekends and holidays are ordinary working times, because a deep clean is disruptive and can be booked for when the house is empty. One honest caveat travels with that. Inside Paramus, a borough ordinance restricts Sunday work itself rather than the sale of goods, and our Paramus page quotes it with the date it was read. Whether a clean qualifies as a work of necessity is unsettled and we found no case deciding it, so inside Paramus Sunday will be a question for the homeowner and the Borough Clerk rather than a booking taken.
Separate the company from the person, because the answers differ. The company has not: Robo Facility Services was formed in New Jersey in August 2026 and is taking on its first houses now. The owner has: more than fifteen years working in cleaning, for other people, and he started this company because he wanted to work for himself. Houses are among what those years covered, alongside offices, medical and dental suites, warehouses, post-construction work and government buildings. The years are his and the empty record is the company's, and because that work was done for other people, any reference from it belongs to them and is not this company's to show. What is true today: based in Bergen County, a 201 number answered locally at any hour, W-2 employees only and never subcontracted, NJ entity 0451519106 that anyone can look up free, and general liability, workers' compensation and the bond are bound before the first shift. So judge the bid on the bid — on whether the scope names the surfaces, and on whether the citations above check out when you open them. They are all listed under Sources, and that is deliberate.
Bergen County. The table above lists the municipalities whose housing stock we computed, not a service-area boundary — those two are different things and conflating them is how a cleaning company ends up promising a drive it cannot make on a Tuesday night. Tell us the address and we will tell you honestly whether it fits the routing.
Where we work
We work Bergen County from a base inside it, in Garfield. Cleaning is a drive-time business: claiming the whole state would mean subcontracting the work or arriving late.
Related: recurring house cleaning across Bergen County, move-out cleaning — which is where the tenant-turnover rule above actually bites — post-renovation cleaning, and what house cleaning costs in New Jersey. Our New Jersey registration, and the general liability and workers’ compensation that bind before the first shift, are set out on the credentials page. Scheduling inside Paramus carries the Sunday question set out above and on our Paramus page.
Sources
COUNTY='BERGEN' AND PROP_CLASS='2' AND YR_CONSTR>=1600 AND YR_CONSTR<=1977 returns 192,393 of 252,657 Class 2 parcels, with 1,741 (0.69%) carrying no usable year. Note that the municipality field is MUN_NAME and its values are the assessor’s own forms — HOHOKUS BORO, UPPER SADDLE RIV BORO — so retyping a town name as this page spells it will return zero rows.Published 2 September 2026. Federal text was retrieved from the eCFR at the title 40 issue date of 31 August 2026, and that issue date applies to the 40 CFR citations only; New Jersey citations are to the enrolled act and to the Administrative Code as posted, with each posting’s currency date given above. The housing table will be recomputed when the 2021–2025 American Community Survey release lands. Municipal requirements vary by town and should be confirmed for a specific address.
We will walk the house, identify the surfaces that actually need a reset rather than a wipe, and give you one flat number with the scope attached. Any hour, any day of the week. No charge.